"This must mean that it is absolutely vital that Muslims study closely and deeply the dynamics of resistance that are already in process

in the United States and Europe. They are neither the first nor the only ones to reject the dominant economic system: many studies have been published, and development cooperatives, alternative banks, and ethical businesses and investment funds are functioning and putting forward "something else." Muslim citizens should take inspiration from these writings and experiences and get involved in multidimensional, complementary, and long-term partnerships. We have spoken of civil movements, the new approaches proposed by ATTAC, and the reflections on ethics and economics produced by Christian liberation theologians (and other Catholic and Protestant intellectuals): to live in the West and ignore these developments and achievements is madness, and it is going to be necessary for Muslims to emerge from their intellectual isolation into direct engagement with the debates that are stirring their society and from which they are currently largely absent. Few of their fellow-citizens know that the principles held by Muslims are essentially opposed to the economic logic of today's world and that they are, in heart and mind, opposed to its dominance. It is for Muslims to explain and make themselves heard. Overall, they need to develop a global vision of the stakes involved in their presence on the economic scene and to make sure that the adaptations proposed to them by scholars from here and there do not become a safeguard that allows the emergence of a new caste of "highly integrated" Muslim citizens in the style of new capitalists interested primarily in owning houses or shining financially in the world of productivity and returns. We know how many legal opinions (fatawa) have sanctioned treacherous behavior....Contrary to the old theories, there are no longer two separate worlds, and, whether here or there, our rejection of the dominant economic system is radical by nature. The reality that may force us to interact does not in any way force us to give up.

-Tariq Ramadan, "Economic Resistance" in Western Muslims and the Future of Islam, p. 199